Glossary :
An A to Z dictionary of terms that you might encounter and need to clarify in all the legalese of construction purpose.
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A
‘Agriculture’ includes horticulture, farming, growing of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, grass, fodder, trees of any kind of cultivation of soil, breeding and keeping the live stock including cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, fish, poultry and bees, the use of land which is ancillary to the farming of land or any purpose aforesaid but shall not include the garden, attached to a residential or non-residential building.
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‘Alteration’ means a change from one use to another or a structural change such as an addition to the area or height, or the removal of part of building, or any change to the structure such as construction of cutting into or removal of any wall, partition, column, beam, joist, floor or other support, or a change to or closing of any required means of ingress or egress
‘Apartment’ means a room or set of rooms, which is occupied or which is intended or designed to be occupied by one family for living purposes.
‘Applicant’ means and include every person who gives notice to the authority of his intention to erect or re-erect or alter building.
‘Authority’ means the Commissioner of the Corporation of the City of Bangalore or an official who is delegated with the powers of sanction of building licences, hereinafter called the ‘Authority’
B
‘Balcony’ means horizontal projection including a handrail or balustrade, to serve as passage or sitting out place.
‘Basement Storey or Cellar’ means any storey which is partly or wholly below the level of the centre of the adjoining road in the front. The basement storey should not project more than one mtr above this road level.
Building includes
- A house, out-house, stable, privy, shed, hut, well, verandah, fixed platform, plinth, door stop and any other such structure whether of masonry, bricks, wood, mud, metal or any other material whatsoever;
- A structure on wheels simply resting on the ground without foundation.
- A ship, vessel, boat, tent and any other structure used for human habitation or used for keeping animals or storing any article or goods.
- ‘Building line’ means the line upto which the plinth of building may lawfully extend on a street or an extension of a street and includes the line prescribed. If any, in any scheme.
C
‘Chajja’ – means a continuous sloping or horizontal projection provided over opening or external wall to provide protection from sun and rain.
‘Chimney’- means a structure usually vertical containing a passage or flue by which the smoke, gas, etc., of the fire or furnace are carried off and by means of which a drought is created.
‘Common wall’ means
- A wall built on land belonging to adjoining owners, the wall being the joint property of both owners.
- If two adjoining owners each build a dividing wall on their property, they are not common walls and no part of the footings or either wall shall project on to the land of the adjoining owner, except by legal agreement between the owners.
- Any such ‘common’ or ‘dividing’ wall shall be considered for the purpose of these bye-laws, as being equivalent to an external wall as far as the thickness and height are concerned.
‘Court Yard’ means a space open to the sky, enclosed or partially enclosed by buildings, boundary walls, or railings. It may be at ground floor level or any other level within or adjacent to buildings.
‘Covered Area- ‘area covered by a building/buildings immediately above plinth level, but does not include the space covered by
- Garden, rockery, well and well structures, plant , nursery, water pool, swimming pool (if uncovered) platform around a tree, tank fountain bench with open top and unenclosed sides by walls and the like.
- Drainage, culvert, conduit, catch-pit, gully-pit, chamber, gutter and the like
- Compound wall, gate, unstoreyed porch and portico, slide, swing, uncovered
D
‘Density’ – means concentration of population expressed in terms of number persons per hectare in a particular area.
‘Detached building’ – A building, the walls and roof of which are independent of any other building with open spaces on all sides.
‘Developments’ – Developments with its grammatical variations – means the carrying out of building, engineering, mining or other operations in , on , over or under land or making of any material change in any building or land or in the use of any building or land and includes sub-division of any land. Stair-case watchman booth, pumphouse, areas covered by chajja and the like; Cross wall – means an internal wall within the building up to the roof level or lintel level.
‘Development plan’ – Outline development plan or comprehensive development plan prepared under Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act. 1961 and includes Town planning schemes or plans relating to the Outline Development Plan or Comprehensive Development plans prepared under the above Act.
‘Drain’ – Any pipe or other construction emanating from a plumbing fixture unit, traps, gullies, floor traps etc which carries water or waste water in a building drainage system.
‘Drainage’ – the removal of any waste liquid by a system constructed for this purpose.
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E
‘Exit’ – A passage, channel or means of egress from any floor to a street or other open space of safety.
‘External walls’ – An outer wall of the building not being a partition was even though adjoining to a wall of another building and also means a wall abutting on an interior open space of any building.
F
‘Floor’ – The lower surface in a story on which one normally walls in a building. The general term ‘Floor’ unless otherwise specifically mentioned shall not refer to a ‘Mezzanine Floor’.
- Ground Floor-means the floor immediately above the level of the adjoining ground on all sides, or above the basement floor.
- First Floor-means the floor immediately above the ground floor, on which second and other floors follow subsequently.
- Mezzanine Floor-A mezzanine floor is any intermediate floor between two floors above ground level accessible only from the lower floor. The area of the mezzanine restricted to one third of the floor area of that floor.
‘Floor area ratio (FAR)’ – The quotient obtained by dividing the total covered area on all floors by area of the plot;
‘FAR’ = Total covered area on all floors
‘Plot area’- the size of the land occupied by means of agreement with government or previous owner.
‘Footing’ – means the projecting courses at the bese of a wall to spread the weight over a large area.
‘Foundation’ – That part of structure which is below the lower most and which provides support for the superstructure and which transmits load of the superstructure to the bearing strata.
G
‘Group Housing’ – Group of multi-storeyed housing for more than one dwelling unit where land is owned jointly (as in the case of co-operative societies or the public agencies such as local authorities or housing boards etc.) and the construction is undertaken by one Agency/ Authority.
‘Garage’ – A structure designed or used for the parking of vehicles.
‘Government’ – Government means the State Government.
H
‘Habitable Room’ – A room occupied or designed for occupancy by one or more persons for study, living, sleeping, eating, kitchen-if it is used as a living room, but not including bath rooms, water closest compartments, laundries serving and storage, pantries, corridors, cellars, attics and spaces that are not used frequently or during extended periods.
‘Height of building’ – The vertical distance measured in the case of flat roofs from the level of adjoining road in the front of the site to the top of the roof and in the case of pitched roofs upto the point where the external surface of the outer wall intersects a finished surface of the sloping roof and in case of gable facing the street. The midpoint between the causes-level and the ridge, Architectural features, serving no other function except that of the decoration shall be excluded for the purposes of measuring height, water tank, chimneys, lift room and parapet are also excluded for the purpose of measuring height.
‘High rise Buildings’-Building with more than four floors, i.e. Ground Floor + three floors and above requiring the provision of a lift shall be considered as high rise buildings for the purposes of these bye-laws.
‘Hut’ – means any building which is constructed principally of wood, mud, leaves, grass or thatch and includes any temporary structure of whatever size or any small building of whatever material.
L
‘Licence’ – A permission or authorizations in writing by the authority to carry work regulated by the bye-laws.
‘Loft’ – means a residual space above normal floor level, which may be constructed or adopted for shortage purposes.
N
‘Non-combustible materials ‘- A material which neither burns not gives off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite a pilot flame.
O
‘Occupancy or use group ‘- The principal occupancy for which a building or a part of the building is used or intended to be used. For the purpose of classification of a building of a building according to an occupancy. An occupancy shall be deemed to include subsidiary occupancies which are contingent upon it.
‘Open space’ – an area forming an integral part of the plot left open to sky.
‘Owner ‘- includes the person for the time being receiving or entitled to receive, whether on his own account or as an agent, power of attorney holder, trustee, guardian, manager or receiver for another person or for any religious or charitable purposes, the rent or profits of the property in connection with which the word is used, mortgagee in possession.
P
‘Parapet’ – a low wall or railing built along the edge of a roof or floor.
‘Parking space’ – An area enclosed or unenclosed covered or open sufficient in size to park vehicles together with a drive-way connecting the parking space with a street or any public area and permitting the ingress, egress of the vehicles.
‘Penthouse’ – a covered space not exceeding 10 sqmt on the roof of a building which shall have at least one side completely open.
‘Person’ – includes any body of persons corporate or incorporate.
‘Plinth’ – The portion of a structure between the surface of the surrounding ground and surface of the floor immediately above the ground.
‘Plinth level’ – The level of the floor of a building immediately above the surrounding ground.
‘Plot or site’ – A parcel (piece) of land demarcated by definite boundary and includes all the land within the curtilege of the building and forming its appurtenance, such as out building, yard, court, open space, and garden attached thereto intended to be occupied therein, other than land use, allotted or set apart for any street, lane, passage, pathway, or other common purposes.
‘Corner plot’ – Plot facing two or more intersecting streets.
‘Porch or portico’ – a roof cover supporting on pillars or cantilevered projection for the purpose of pedestrian or vehicular approach to a building.
R
‘Road width’ – means the distance between the bound aries of a road or street including footways and drains measured at right angles to the direction of such road or street, opposite to the centre of the plot.
‘Room height’ – the vertical distance measures between the finished floor surface and the finished ceiling surface, where a finished ceiling is not provided, the underside of joist or beams or tie-beams shall determine the upper point of measurement.
‘Registered’ – Architect / Engineer / Supervisor / A qualified Architect / Engineer / Supervisor registered by the authority.
‘Head room’ – where a finished ceiling is not provided, the lower side of the joists or beam or tie-beams shall determine the clear head room.
‘Row housing’ – row of houses attached to each other by a common wall with only front and rear open spaces.
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S
‘Semi-detached building’ -buildings on two plots attached to each other by a common or adjacent wall with open spaces (set backs) on three sides.
‘Set back line’ – A line prescribed under these bye-laws beyond which nothing can be constructed towards the plot boundary.
‘Stair case room’ – A room accommodating the stair for the purpose of providing protection from whether and not used for human habitation.
‘Storey’ – The space between the surface of one floor and the surface of the floor vertically above or below.
T
‘To abut’ – means in relation to the building or any portion of it to touch the road boundary or adjoining plot or building.
‘To erect’ – means to construct a whole or part of a new building on any site whether previously built upon or not including to make additions to an existing building.
W
‘Water closets’ – A privy with arrangements for flushing the pan with water but does not include a bathing room.
Z
‘Zoning regulations’ – Regulations issued along with the development plan of the city prepared under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, prescribing the uses permissible in different land use zones, the open spaces around buildings, building coverage, floor area ratio, height of the building, parking etc.
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